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Plants often drop their leaves if they are overwatered, and plants that are temporarily indoors are especially susceptible to this. It could be that the new potting soil retains more moisture than what you had previously, which would mean you'd have to be more careful not to overwater. Check the soil and make sure it is not overly moist before you water each time.

Pests are another suspect. Check your plant for any insects or other pests discussed in the following articles:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/jasmine/jasmine-leaves-turning-yellow.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/plant-dropping-leaves.htm

You will need to determine the type of Jasmine Vine that you have.
This article has information on Jasmine varieties.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/jasmine/common-jasmine-varieties.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/jasmine/winterizing-jasmine-plants.htm

This is Sooty Mold and it is actually caused by pests.
The yellowing leaves are likely another sign of a pest issue.
Treat the plant with Neem Oil, make sure you spray all parts of the plant and undersides of leaves.
Here are some links with more information.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/disease/how-to-get-rid-of-sooty-mold.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/pesticides/neem-oil-uses.htm

This is a common problem with jasmine, it could be too much water or that night temps are too chilly for it. This article may help:
http://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/jasmine/treating-jasmine-leaf-drop.htm

This vine will not attach itself to a brick wall, you will need a trellis.
This article has more information.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/vines/carolina-jessamine/growing-carolina-jessamine.htm

I would rotate the plant to help even out the amount of sunlight. This should be done even weekly to help the plant.

The soil is probably very tired and may be lacking in nutrition or even salts can build up in the soil from conditioned water and fertilizer.

I would not repot your plant until it is done blooming. Then you can repot, using either the same container or only choosing a new one that is slightly larger.
You can add a trellis to the new container to help support your vine.

To large of a container can lead to root rot.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/jasmine/growing-jasmine-plants.htm