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Is there a walnut tree nearby? It sound like it may be walnut husk flies. They primarily attack walnuts, but will also attack peaches. Here is more information: http://jenny.tfrec.wsu.edu/opm/displaySpecies.php?pn=160

I would guess a deer is the culprit. These articles will help you:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/deer/deer-repellents.htm

And just in case it is not:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/animals/get-rid-squirrels.htm

Peach tree leaf curl is a common fungal disease among these fruit trees. Prevention is the best form of attack against the disease, however. Once your tree has developed leaf curl, it is difficult to save your peach harvest. Unfortunately, fungicide will not kill this disease. Prune off diseased portions of the tree and try to thin out the number of peaches you have on the tree. Also, clean up any debris that may have fallen. In late fall, you can treat with a fixed copper fungicide to try and prevent the re-occurrence of the disease.

While it is often deemed to be less effective than fixed copper products, lime sulphur is an acceptable form of organic control for this disease. Here is an article that you may find helpful as well: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/peach/peach-leaf-curl.htm

Anytime you have a newly planted tree, you want to give it a year to establish itself before pruning it. You want the tree to put its energy towards growing roots so it can be healthy. If you prune it before it is established, it will put energy towards healing itself and this will make it more susceptible to disease and pests.

This article has a section on fertilizing peaches:
https://extension.missouri.edu/p/g6030

I would also recommend reading the section on thinning fruit for better quality peaches.

No plants should be covered in plastic, as this could do more harm than good. Instead opt for an old sheet, blanket, or burlap sack...something that breathes.