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If you see no leafing on the tree branches and the stems snap and break, your tree most likely did not survive the winter.
New trees in particular have suffered from the harsh winter that nearly the entire United State suffered.
The sprouts coming from the base of the tree are most likely growing up from the root stock that your Redbud Tree was grafted on.
There is no telling what root stock was used therefore no way to tell what is growing.

Most reputable garden centers will replace a tree lost in the first year and I would contact them for a replacement.

Here is a link to Redbud Tree care.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/redbud/caring-for-redbud-trees.htm

t does sound like your tree needs some pruning to bring it back to a better shape.
The broken branch could effect the tree by causing stress. Watch for any signs of insects or disease at the site of the branch loss. Do not try to cover the wound left by the branch. Allow it to heal.

Here is a link that will help you.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/redbud/caring-for-redbud-trees.htm

I was not able to find much information on removal of seedings and growing the seedlings.
Here are a couple of links though with more growing information.
I would safely say you could remove the seedling and place in starter pots.
They could be tended until fall and if large enough planted again.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/redbud/caring-for-redbud-trees.htm
https://www.clemson.edu/extension/horticulture/nursery/ipm/book_files/chapter_12

I would not do any trimming until they are quite a bit larger.

It's possible that your Redbud tree is a grafted specimen. Do you see a bulge or graft on the lower trunk of the tree?
If the growth is coming from below this graft line, the actual tree has died off and your tree is growing from the root stock.
What type of tree that is actually growing is not known.
Pruning of a Redbud should take place in late spring, after blooming and before the tree sets new buds.
In your case, the flowering is not a concern at this point.
You can wait until the tree is dormant and try pruning to some shape that may be desirable.

In most cases a reputable garden center or greenhouse will guarantee and replace a tree that has died within 1 year of purchase.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/redbud/caring-for-redbud-trees.htm

Staking is done to help the tree establish itself in the ground and keep the wind from blowing over a new planting.
The staking should have enough play in it for the tree to sway. The tree needs the wind to blow through it to help strengthen the roots.

Has the tree grown and has a well developed canopy? Is your soil stable?

If you don't feel comfortable removing the stakes completely, make sure it is loosened so the tree began to wean itself from the stake.