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The pictures you're looking for, plus a bunch of information, here: http://ucanr.edu/sites/Pomegranates/files/166141.pdf

Your plant looks fairly robust and healthy, so I think you can rule out disease. My first question to you would be are you sure this is a variety that is supposed to fruit; some pomegranates are merely ornamental. Second, are you watering correctly (fairly dry most of the time, a good watering before fruiting.) Another thought is perhaps the flowers are not being pollinated correctly, therefore the plant drops them rather than expend the energy to ripen them. Also be careful not to fertilize too much. Over fertilizing can seriously disrupt the plant's functions. Here is an article to help you check the culture of your tree.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/pomegranate/no-pomegranates-on-trees.htm

Also, you might want to talk to the county extension service. It's a free service to help home gardeners like yourself. This link will help you find the nearest office:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/what-is-extension-service.htm

The black spots could be cercospora spot disease. This article has more information: http://www.krishisewa.com/cms/disease-management/398-pomegranate-diseases.html
Water stress can cause rind split in young citrus; perhaps its the same with pomegranate. Also, you're plant may not be old enough to fruit well, or it may be a variety that doesn't fruit well. Here's some more information: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/pomegranate/growing-pomegranate-tree-seeds.htm
http://www.gardeningblog.net/how-to-grow/pomegranates/

Probably the reason you couldn't find information on watering your pomegranate during its winter dormancy is that plants in dormancy don't need much water, and a low-moisture plant such as pom needs even less. Speaking generally, trees and large bushes use 3-5 times less water in the winter than in the summer. You probably don't need to water at all unless you have dry winter. As long as you get water at least once a month, you should be okay

The main thing when purchasing a new pomegranate is to make sure it is a fruit-bearing kind, rather than purely ornamental. After that would be to make sure it's hardy in your area. I would do a bit of research to find what varieties are available to you, then research those to make sure of their characteristics. Also, early spring is always a good time to plant. This article contains information you should be able to use. https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/pomegranate/no-pomegranates-on-trees.htm

Pomegranates are self-pollinating, but cross-pollination of a second pomegranate tree nearby can increase the fertility of the tree and improve the quality of the fruit.

The second tree should be a different variety, but it must be compatible, meaning that the trees bloom at the same time. A knowledgeable nursery or greenhouse should be able to advise you about suitable trees for cross-pollination.