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Healthy vines don't need much in the way of fertilizer but should yours need some, I would recommend giving it a slow-release, water-soluble, balanced fertilizer.

Wisteria can take pretty severe pruning, so it should be ok. As a matter of fact, one of the biggest complaints about wisteria is that it is so hard to get rid of. For more information on the care and pruning of this vine, these articles should help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/vines/wisteria/growing-wisteria-proper-wisteria-vine-care.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/vines/wisteria/pruning-wisteria.htm

The freezing temps can indeed harm the buds, so you may need to cover the vine if at all feasible. This article will help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/environmental/protect-plants-in-freeze.htm

Yes, wisteria is poisonous, especially the pods. I would recommend planting it on a fence (or elsewhere) that is far enough back from the animals' reach.

Late fall or early spring are the most ideal times for planting this vine, so yes, now would be the best time for you to plant it. Blooming will depend on several factors, though the following articles should help qith its care: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/vines/wisteria/growing-wisteria-proper-wisteria-vine-care.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/vines/wisteria/wisteria-blooming-problems.htm

You are not to late to prune. In fact, the flowerbuds of wisteria are produced during the summer (on last year’s wood), so wait until late spring or early summer to prune the vine back. Pruning the previous year's growth too severely will remove the flower buds, but that is rarely the case. Most people do not prune severely enough. Severe pruning is often recommended, back to three or four buds, to keep the plant manageable and renewed. Here is more information: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/vines/wisteria/pruning-wisteria.htm