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It is likely due to due to cold or other stress. Being biannual, a cold spell fools the bulb into thinking it's been winter and then, when the weather turns warm, they produce a flower. You can try removing the flower and then as the stem dries, lift these bulbs; though small, they are certainly edible.
Replanting these is not likely viable.

This article should help:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/shallot/planting-shallot-sets.htm

Those numbers indicate how much nitrogen, phosphorus,and potassium are in the fertilizer. These are called n-p-k values and they will mean the same thing regardless of where you are located. This article will help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/fertilizer-numbers-npk.htm

This article will explain the process for you: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/shallot/harvest-a-shallot-plant.htm

Here is a link to several articles that will help you grow shallots:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/shallot

We do not recommend specific places to purchase, but I could suggest looking at your local nurseries. Alternatively, you can look to online vendors on Ebay, Amazon, or Etsy.