What's your question? Ask

No, sulphur is not necessary. Use a balanced, standard fertilizer on it. Fertilizing with a slow-release, balanced tropical fertilizer with micro-elements will usually suffice.

Sago palms do not like to be disturbed so any transplanting needs to be done with great care. Mature palms can be transplanted in early spring or late fall. Be sure to relocate the plant in a similar area, under the same or similar growing conditions--full sun, well-draining soil, etc. Include as much of the root system as possible when digging up and moving it. You may also want to consider trimming the plant back to prevent transplant shock. Here is an article that you may find helpful: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/environmental/learn-how-to-avoid-and-repair-transplant-shock-in-plants.htm

Here is an article that you may find helpful: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/sago-palm/prune-sago-palm.htm

Because sago palms are either male or female, they will have distinct reproductive organs. The females will produce a yellow flower in the center of the leaves, and the male will produce a large cone in the same location. It sounds as if you may have a male. This can be cut off and will not harm the plant.

If the plant is still happy and seemingly healthy, then I would simply fill in the area with potting soil and lightly tamp as you go so the plant is no longer loose.

It sounds like it could be either scale or mealybugs. These articles will help you with those:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/mealybugs-white-residue-on-plants-leaves.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/palms/sticky-palm-tree-leaves-treatment-for-palm-scale.htm