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I'd look towards slug/snail damage. They are nocturnal, so you might not ever notice them. Many times they leave slime trails, sometimes they don't leave one that you see at first. These articles will help:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects/killing-slugs-with-beer.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/insects/simple-slug-trap?utm_source=chatgpt.com

These are cases where azadirachtin from neem oil, and prythrins from chrysanthemum extract will be perfect. I use these myself.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/pesticides/pyrethrum-in-gardens.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/trends/azadirachtin-vs-clarified-hydrophobic-extract-of-neem-oil

You will want to treat this as a salt leach. Wash off your plants pretty well, and flush the soil around it with quite a bit of water. You might want to feed after the leaching. The most sensitive area will be the leaves, though. As long as you wash them off, there shouldn't be any major damage. Likely your plants will survive. They just might burn a little.

This article will help you with proper use:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/epsom-salt-gardening.htm

Those are aphids, unfortunately. There are plenty of natural things that you can do to get rid of them, though. My go to is neem oil. The naturally occurring pesticide, azadirachtin, is very effective. Here are some other ways, too:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects/homemade-aphid-control.htm

The grubs are too large now and are no longer feeding. You can target the adults when they emerge, usually around June. Here are articles that give you ideas of how to deal with them:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects/japanese-scout-beetles.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/pesticides/what-is-milky-spore.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects/japanese-beetles.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects/get-rid-of-grub-worms.htm

This appears to be a young species of weevil. Yes. These will destroy plants and trees. These can be hard to get rid of and keep out, but the best way to do so is to introduce predatory species. This can be predatory bugs like predatory beetles and parasitic nematodes. These will be the safest methods to control without destroying beneficial insects. YOu might also consider azadirachtin, which is a concentrate of the active ingredient in Neem oil.