How do I get rid of a fungus (Leucocprinus birnbaumii) in houseplants?
The following article should be of some help to you: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/hpgen/getting-rid-of-mushrooms-growing-in-houseplant-soil.htm
I have an all green plant that has long vines with leaves on it. It is near dead and I would like to try to revive it. Should I trim back the vines that no longer have leaves or leave it alone and hope the leaves grow back?
You can cut back to where you see green or have leaf growth. This article will help as well: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/environmental/how-to-tell-if-a-plant-is-dead-and-how-to-recover-an-almost-dead-plant.htm
What are the small yellow balls that are in the soil within my planter? When I squeeze them, they burst. Are they larva?
They are mushrooms. The following article should be of some help to you: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/hpgen/getting-rid-of-mushrooms-growing-in-houseplant-soil.htm
You don't mention the size of these balls. The above link will show you a picture of the little yellow mushrooms that are fairly common in houseplants. If, however, the balls are much smaller, about 1/16th of an inch, and rolling around free in the soil, not attached to anything, they are probably slow-release fertilizer pellets.
Whenever I bring home new plants from the nursery, I notice little worms in my room within the week. What can I do to avoid this? I am in need of new plants but don't want to face this problem again.
When you bring the plant home, you can treat the soil with a pesticide and keep it in isolation for a week or so to make sure that any unwanted pests that are in the soil are gone before introducing them to your other plants.
Also, if you don't want to use pesticide, you can flood with water. You'll need to put the plant in the bathtub or out in the yard for this. Pour in several times the volume of soil,i.e. if you have a 1 gallon pot, use 5 gallons of water, let it drain out completely, then put the plant in isolation. The water should make the worms crawl out looking for a drier field. Just make sure to test the soil all the way to the bottom of the pot, making sure it's not too wet, before you water again.
I have little yellow things growing in my indoor plant containers along with my plants. What are they? Are they harmful? How do I get rid of them?
It is likely fungus growth. The following article should be of some help to you: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/hpgen/getting-rid-of-mushrooms-growing-in-houseplant-soil.htm
While there are occasions when we almost have to use a -cide (fungicide,etc), if poisons can be avoided, I think they should be. There are a couple of things you can try, if you want to get rid of your mushrooms. 1) dig them up, and keep digging every time they appear;2) scrape off the top 2 or 3" of soil, and replace with sand;3) don't keep you plants so wet. The last is the most important - mushrooms are a good sign that your plants' soil has too much moisture. The soil from half way down the pot, or more, should be tested for moisture before every watering, and it should be almost dry - just barely sticking together if you squeeze it between your fingers - before watering again.
Mildew on soil of houseplants white.
If this is powdery, it is powdery mildew. Here is more info: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/disease/powdery-mildew-homemade-and-organic-remedies.htm
If it's mold on the soil, this article will help with that: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/hpgen/preventing-mold-in-the-soil-of-a-houseplant.htm
Lower leaves of all my plants in three rooms are very sticky/shiny. Dirt has patches of grey matter. What can I do?
This is honeydew and the result of a pest--likely aphids, scale, mealybug, or similar sap-sucking insect. Treat the plant and soil with neem oil as this should take care of the pest and any fungal issues that may result from the honeydew.