I prefer to leave the gladiolas blooming in the the garden vs cutting the blooms. When should I cut the blooms off? They currently have dried blooms in place, then develop pod like items on the stalks.
Once the blooms have ceased and are beginning to dry up or produce seed pods, you can go ahead and cut them.
Can I cut back the stems of gladiola after they have flowered?
Yes, once they are finished flowering cut the stem back as far as you can.
I was deadheading my glads and noticed a "bump" where the flower was. Is this something that can be saved for next year? It is green and small, grape sized. This is my first year with glads and they are beautiful.
It is a seed pod. You can try growing the seeds, though they can take a few years to reach blooming size, but it is fun to do never the less.
This article can help you with that:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/gladiola/propagating-gladiolus.htm
Why do my colored gladiolus turn white?
Some colors of gladiolus will fade as the blossoms age. Additional fertilizer can sometimes help decrease the fading, but will not eliminate it.
What are the pods on the stems of my glads now that the blooms are gone, and can they be planted next spring?
These are seed pods, and yes, they can be dried and the seeds inside can be planted. However, it will take much longer for them to flower when grown from seeds. Most glads are best propagated through offsets of their corms.
After the gladiola flower dies off, when should I cut down the stalks?
Yes, you can cut the stalks but leave the foliage, as the plants need this to make energy for next year's blooms.
How far down should you cut back glads if you are going to leave them in ground for the winter?
I would hold off on cutting the foliage back. While I know this can be unsightly, the plant depends on its foliage to make and store enough energy for bulb production and blooming next year. However, you can cut back the flower stalk to the base, if desired.