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Glads are considered somewhat deer resistant in that the deer don't particularly favor them and do not cause much damage. However, these plants (like many others) are not deer proof and if hungry enough a deer will go after just about anything.

No, the glads will not rebloom, so once they are finished flowering cut the stem back as far as you can. If you live in a mild area, they might rebloom next year. Otherwise you need to dig them up and store them for replanting.

Yes, they should come up just fine with a layer of mulch for cover.

Gladiolus flowers bloom from bottom to top so it is normal for the bottom flowers to fade before the top ones. You can simply remove the old faded blooms. To improve your flowering, you can add bone meal to the soil around your plants.

They will sometimes make seedpods, from the flowers, though these would take much to long to grow using seeds. That's why most people simply propagate new plants through division of their offsets, which can be done when digging up the corms for winter storing or division in fall for areas not requiring winter storage (like yours).

Yes, these plants only bloom once. If you live in an area that requires winter storage, then you would dig them up once the foliage has died down. Otherwise, you can simply leave them be.