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This variety of elephant ear is winter hardy in gardening zones 7-10 and can be left outdoors through the winter there. In colder zones, follow the advice in this article:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/elephant-ear/storing-elephant-ear-bulbs.htm

Yes, you can cut the leaves off to store the tubers. Ideally, you would wait until most of the leaves died by themselves before cutting them off. But more importantly, you need to bring in the tubers before it gets really cold, so you can cut still-green leaves off in order to do that. Wear gloves while cutting the leaves, because they contain an irritating sap.

Even with the sunny window, the plant will still be getting less sun indoors than outdoors, and this causes many plants to lose their leaves when brought indoors. Digging and storing the bulbs over the winter is the best option. They should grow back just fine next year:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/elephant-ear/storing-elephant-ear-bulbs.htm

Elephant Ear (Colocasia) is a pretty tough plant. In climates that are not tropical, many people allow the foliage to flop over in the fall, dig up the bulbs (or the whole plant), clean all the soil off, and bring it indoors allowing it to dry out (it will go into winter dormancy). When the weather starts to get warm again, they set the plants outside again. Your plant's foliage will probably die off, but the plant will continue to live since you will take care of it. GardeningKnowHow has the tips on plant care here: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/elephant-ear/growing-elephant-ear-plants.htm

Was the foliage still attached so that you can identify it as elephants ear? Are the roots fleshy or fibrous? Normally you should get a tuber (a fleshy root--like a potato or sweet potato). Gently clean off as much soil as you can to make sure of what you have. Here is a guide to overwintering your elephant ears: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/elephant-ear/storing-elephant-ear-bulbs.htm

A pot between 14 and 18 inches across will work well. Once the leaves are fully grown, the plant may look slightly crowded in the pot. But this will help prevent the soil from staying wet for too long. Also, use well-drained potting soil. Mixing in perlite or sand is a good idea.