How far apart are carrots to be planted in a garden?
This article covers basic planting and growing of carrots.
Please check the back of the seed packet for specifics to the varieties you are growing; there may be differences between varieties.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/carrot/how-to-grow-carrots.htm
I am interested in making carrot tapes
There are many companies that offer just the tape, so that you can make your own seed tapes. Just do a google search for seed tape, and there will be many for you to choose from depending on what seed you want to use.
I have a terrible time w/ weevils. I believe it's weevils, not sure. I have many black areas on my carrots that also can be rotten. there is often a worm or in the damaged part. this has been going on for 3 years and gets worse every year. I need to plant my carrots soon. what can I do about this?
You may need to do some soil management and crop rotation.
These links will help you.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/carrot/black-root-rot-of-carrots.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/carrot/carrot-cotton-root-rot-disease.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/carrot/diseases-affecting-carrots.htm
I took a picture of this weed in a garden area I have with an app. It gave me 3 choices and one was poison hemlock. Now I am concerned. Is this poison hemlock?
It is still too young to tell. As long as you don't eat it, then it won't hurt you. You can confirm whether it is hemlock or a carrot by pulling it up, scratching the root, or breaking it in half, and smelling it. If it is a carrot, it will have an intense carrot smell. If it is not, then it will have a general "plant" smell.
There are many other plants that start out looking like this, but they will reveal themselves later on.
One thing will help you to rule out poison hemlock is that they ALWAYS have purple mottling on the stems at some point in their lives.
These two articles will give you information on carrots, and poison hemlock:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/queen-annes-lace/queen-annes-lace-plant.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/weeds/poison-hemlock-control.htm
When harvesting the carrots, they are normal color, but when peeling them, the color underneath is almost white.
Here are some possibilities for undeveloped carrots.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/carrot/carrots-not-forming.htm
Carrots are not producing long shaped roots.
The best fertilizer is one low to moderate in nitrogen, and high in phosphorus with moderate potassium levels.
High nitrogen content, compact soils, high temperatures, and overly dry or wet conditions can cause malformed roots. Most usually, it will be high nitrogen feeds, or soils, and compact soils that will cause this.
This article will help you to grow carrots to their potential: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/carrot/how-to-grow-carrots.htm
What can i plant right now in zone 7b
Now would be the time to start many things indoors, and some things out! This article will help you to know when to start what: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/gardening-by-zone/zone-7/zone-7-vegetable-planting.htm