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Although the weather may have knocked them over, it wasn't the cause of the initial problem.

Unfortunately, it looks like they haven't received enough lighting. This will result in elongated stems and, ultimately, this type of damage.

Some of them will recover, naturally. There isn't much you can do to help them once they stretch.

Another thing to consider is that all of these crops will need to be planted, directly, into the spot that they will grow. Transplanting is hard all these types of plants, and will result in stunted growth and production. This is not to say that it can't be done, as it can with great care. It is much more productive to start them outdoors, however.

Here are some articles that will help:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/beans/tips-for-growing-beans.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/peas/how-grow-peas.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/pumpkin-growing.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/cucumber/tips-for-growing-cucumbers.htm

I have already answered this on the original, but I need to stress that you won't get a good identification of the problem when taken under purple LED.

Now the information that you have provided- It is is hydroponic set up. That helps me some. You likely have a nutrient deficiency, or a pH imbalance. The pH and EC should be tested and adjusted daily. If this is not adjusted and checked daily, there will ALWAYS be a set of symptoms to alert you that something is off.

Once you can be sure that the environment stays as stable as possible, then you can begin to diagnose other issues. Without knowing information, such as pH and EC, and if it stays in that range or fluctuates I can only assume that one of these two factors is off.

Here is an article to help you with growing tomatoes, hydroponically:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/containers/hydroponic-gardening-indoors.htm

It looks fine to me. That is just new growth. It is much too small of a container, and beans don't transplant well, so I wouldn't expect it to fruit, though it may flower. Eventually, it will outgrow the container, and die from being cramped, though.

I recommend starting them where they will remain. This will avoid much of the problems associated with beans in container. They require quite a bit of extra care in container as well.

This article will help:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/beans/growing-beans-in-containers.htm

Unfortunately, your photo did not come through. I think that you are referring to the cotyledons. If this is the case, then this is normal behavior. Here is an article that will help:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/propagation/seeds/what-is-a-cotyledon.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/propagation/seeds/seedlings-turning-yellow.htm

Sure! I use aspirin, myself, but it will not kill what is in the soil. You must also treat the soil.

No, you can plant after, or before. This will only apply to actively growing plants. They are not compatible at the root zone, meaning they compete, chemically. Planting after will be a good way to restore nitrogen to the soil, as well as break up some of that deeper soil.

This article will give you some more tips on how to, successfully, cultivate beans: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/beans/tips-for-growing-beans.htm