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It is possible they reached their lifespan or all received more than usual water this winter and the bulbs rotted.

It's hard to imagine that ALL plants were eaten by mice, squirrels or chipmunks. Seems like some of them would have come back if it was animals or disease.

You could try digging up a few bulbs to see if the bulb is intact and looks healthy. If it's soft, it rotted.

Here is more information on Asiatic lilies:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/lily/planting-asiatic-lilies.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/bgen/protect-flower-bulbs.htm

I see what appears to be two or three issues, separately.

I notice what appears to be severe overwatering symptoms and bacterial damage. Also, likely, overfeeding has compounded the damage.

You will need to treat with a fungicide/bactericide, and correct watering habits. Cut back any growth that is heavily infected.

Make sure to water, only, when the soil is completely dry down to about 3 or 4 inches in that type of soil.

Here are some articles that will help:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/using-fungicides-in-garden.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/homemade-fungicide.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/applying-bactericide-to-plants.htm

Yes, these should be planted in Autumn. Here is an article that will help:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/lily/planting-asiatic-lilies.htm

Your Asiatic lily bulbs should have come up and be getting ready to bloom. I don't see those. And those leaves don't look like echinacea, blanket flower, or delphinium. They are all perennials, unless you planted the annual blanket flower and larkspur (delphinium). A perennial won't always bloom the first year. Annuals are great for instant color.

Were there weeds in the bed before it was planted? It's curious that there are so many plants and they all look the same. Did you have anything that looked like that before? If it's a weed, it should bloom, then you'll have a better idea what it is. Weeds are easier to identify when they have their bloom.

Those are seed pods and should be removed. The seeds would not produce the same parent variety. Some people do plant the seeds, but it could be years before you see a bloom.

Allow the greenery to die back, as it nourishes the bulb. Then you can plant the lilies in the ground; they are hardy to zone 4. So they should survive if you leave them in the pot outdoors. I would put them in a sheltered location, though, on the south side and mulch well.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/lily/planting-asiatic-lilies.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/lily/propagating-an-asiatic-lily-plant.htm

You can cut down the flowering stalk but leave the foliage till it yellows and completely dies back on its own. The bulb gets its nourishment from the leaves. Asiatic lilies only bloom once per season. The bulbs will multiply and you will get more blooms that way.