Certified GKH Gardening Expert
The pictures don't show as clearly as I would like, but it looks to be perlite being exposed in the soil. Watering can remove a layer of peat, revealing some perlite. Feeling the texture, and inspecting closer will help you to get a better idea of what it is.
If it is not gritty, like the texture of perlite should be, then it could be a fungus. It would be very hard to identify a fungus from a single photo like this, though.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/using-fungicides-in-garden.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/what-are-microbes-in-soil.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/organic/biofungicide-information.htm