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Here are some articles that will help you:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/lower-acid-soil.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/vegetable-garden-soil.htm

Fertility normally refers to macronutrients in the soil. A good all round chemical fertilizer will be a 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 fertilizer. From an organic perspective, adding organic material such as compost and rotted manure will help. This article has more information:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/vegetable-garden-soil.htm

This is usually dependent on the are being tilled and the gardener's personal preference. However, many people opt for hand tilling for small garden plots, especially in raised beds. These articles should help with your decision: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/how-to-till-a-garden-tilling-your-soil.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/double-digging-soil.htm

You need a potting soil for containers. It will not compact and will keep the plants roots healthy.

It will not hurt to till your garden each year. In fact, it would do the garden some good. For weeds, you may want to practice better maintenance habits or consider using a weed barrier, such as mulch. This article should help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/how-to-till-a-garden-tilling-your-soil.htm

They should typically be around 6.

You can till when the soil is relatively dry and has warmed some. This article will help you determine when that is for your area:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/how-to-till-a-garden-tilling-your-soil.htm