Q.What Does ‘late Fall’ Mean?
I’m looking at some fertilizer information for various perennials, and they say things like ‘late fall’, or ‘spring’. I’m assuming ‘spring’ is when the ground is no longer frozen, and from a planting standpoint the ground is not too wet and can be worked. I’m not sure if the ‘too wet’ is meaningful for a fertilizer standpoint. I know when the ‘official’ calendar dates are for the seasons, and I understand the frost dates But I would think that ‘late fall’ really isn’t meaningful in terms of dates, but rather in weather or location. Can you help me understand?

Certified GKH Gardening Expert
You can determine late fall by your plants. Grass is still green but has stopped growing. Late fall blooming plants include pansies, mums, helenium, and ornamental cabbages and kale. Fall foliage has turned and is dropping. Temperatures have dropped at night and frost may occur.
Early fall would be when the seasons change from summer to fall.