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The best way to determine germination and growth rate of your seeds is the back of the seed packet.

Did you plant directly in the ground or have you started your seeds indoor in seed trays?

Temperature and moisture are very important for seed germination.

Here is a link about growing Rutabaga.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/rutabaga/planting-rutabaga.htm

Planting a rutabaga top in this way will most likely not lead to a new rutabaga, but because rutabaga is a biennial (grows for 2 years before producing seed), it will probably produce flowers and seeds this year if you plant it in the garden. Plants rooted in water tend to be delicate, so transfer it to soil carefully to avoid damaging any delicate roots it's produced. You can also eat rutabaga greens.

This can happen when they remain in ground for too long. This should only take about 100 days to mature from planting.

If they are not that mature yet, then it could very well be a phosphorous and potassium deficiency.

This article will give you more information on the care of these: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/rutabaga/planting-rutabaga.htm

You can! You will more than likely have to wait to plant them outdoors until summer next year, though.

This article will help you to care for the plants: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/rutabaga/planting-rutabaga.htm