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I am not sure what your roses foliage looks like as I have no photos to take a look at. From your question #1 I wonder if the desired rose has died or is extremely weak and the hardy root stock below ground has sent up some of its own shoots/canes. The smaller flowers can signal this. From your question #2 I am hoping that your roses do not have rose rosette disease which can really mess up the foliage. Sometimes an herbicide sprayed nearby drifts over onto the roses causing the foliage to be deformed as well. Again, without photos to see the problems it is tough to know for sure.

Many times you will not see the culprit bug, slug or perhaps deer unless you go out at night with a flashlight and investigate. Usually deer will munch the canes down too so likely is not deer in your case. I would go after the culprits with a two pronged approach. I would give all of the rosebushes a treatment of Bayer Tree & Shrub Granules and also spray them with Bayer Advanced Complete Insect killer. The spray will be a quick hit at the culprits. The granules feed the bushes to give them some much needed strength and also treat the rosebushes with a systemic that moves up through the root system and into the natural juices of the rose. The culprits may still take a bite or two but that should be their last. Once control is gained you should have that nice beautiful foliage. I would give the rosebushes the granules treatment in early Spring of each year to help get a leg up on any overwintering larvae too.

Hello Peter. Your rosebushes have been visited by what is called a Cynipid Wasp. Inside the gall is a tiny larvae that will hatch out into another Cynipid Wasp. Here is a link to an article I wrote about them, the galls can take on different forms but in roses the gall you have a photo of is the most common. Article Link: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/roses/rose-cane-galls.htm

Stan The Rose Man
Consulting Rosarian
Gardening Know How

It could be that the rosebush in question was a grafted rosebush. The top part of the bush is the rose we desire and the bottom root system part is a totally different rosebush that is very hardy and thus is used for root stock. Sometimes the desired part of the rosebush dies over winter leaving just the root stock which can send up shoots of its own. These shoots turn into canes that typically do not looks anything like the rose we bought and wanted. Just from your description I think has happened to your rosebush. It is best to dig it out before it becomes unmanageable and plant a new rosebush there. It can be the same type of rose you had or something new you wanted to try. Here is a link to an article for you on this subject as well: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/roses/own-root-roses-grafted-roses.htm

It is not the best time but can be done. If I plant rosebushes at such a time, I dig the planting hole and fill it half way with water and let it soak away. Then I plant the rosebush and water it in with some water that has both a good root stimulator and a product called Super Thrive in the water. This mix can be given to the rosebush the next 4 to 5 times they need watering. It helps the root system to get established and helps the rosebush deal with the shock and stress of the planting and the heat. To give them a better chance against the hot suns rays. I will position light colored umbrellas near the rosebushes to help give them some shade from the highest heat times of the day. Umbrellas do not have to be used, just something to create some nice shade from the most intense rays of the sun. After a month or so, the shade giving items can be removed as the bush has had a chance to get off to a good start.

It is best to shape prune such a rose in early spring or in the early fall. Doing so in the early Fall allows the bush to us all of its foliage to help build up strength for the coming winter dormant time.