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It is best to prune shrubs, either, after the flowers drop, or before they start producing new flower growth. This can be different for each shrub, but to be sure, you can deadhead them after the blossoms fall.

Here is an article for 'hard pruning', which some of these plants mentioned can benefit from on some years: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/shrubs/shgen/rejuvenation-pruning-tips.htm

Those would be fine. They will do well in the shade. Here is a list of more plant suggestions for the shade: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/shade/shade-tolerant-flowers.htm

Fall prep isn't extensive. Remove infected leaves if there is any black spot; remove dead, damaged or diseased wood; water all throughout fall if there isn't adequate rain; and mulch the crown with 4-6 inches of compost or topsoil or bark mulch. Leaves don't make a good mulch unless they are shredded/chopped first. (Remove crown mulch in early spring.) If I knew the type of rose you have and where you live, I might add more but I've listed the crucial aspects of winterizing roses.

Here is a link to our website where there are many articles on caring for your roses: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/roses/

What is the light source for the plant? How much are you watering it? A change in what the plant is accustomed to will cause temporary, partial leaf drop. Do you see new leaf buds? Is your goal to let the plant go dormant or not? I don't think an unheated basement is cold enough to cause dormancy. Even if dormant, cessation of growth and full leaf drop, the plant still needs some water - not much- for the roots. Another option for you is to dig a hole and "plant" the pot. This protects the roots from winter cold and still allows you to easily dig it up and do a proper planting early next spring. Keep the soil moist, not soggy, and mulch.

You need to re-acclimate it to the outdoors and plant it. It is a difficult time to transplant since nourishment for the rose over winter is stored in the roots. No doubt some were cut in the transplant process but it is worth a try to keep it, of course. Improve the soil with compost (and peat if the soil is sandy) and settle it in. Water well and mulch 4-6 inches over the roots and crown. Remember to remove the crown mulch in early spring and decrease the root mulch to 2-3 inches. For an extra degree of protection, consider caging the rose with chicken wire and filling the cage with chopped leaves or straw. Unless you have a shredder, don't use maple leaves as they tend to mat down and inhibit air flow. Winter is a lovely time to read catalogues from the major rose producers. Catalogues will help you find a rose that will thrive in your new environment.