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Here is an article that you may find helpful: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/pumpkin-growing.htm

This article will help:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/getting-green-pumpkins-to-turn-orange-after-the-pumpkin-vine-dies.htm

The fruit of the plant will fall off after a few days if the flower is not pollinated. I am not sure what the black things were that were inside it, but they may have been small insects that became trapped inside the blossom after it closed. Depending on how old the blossom was, they may also have been the faded stigma.

Just keep the pumpkin in a clean, dry place out of direct sun and it should be fine until Halloween.

This article will help you: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pumpkin/how-to-tell-when-pumpkins-are-ripe.htm

You may be just getting male blossoms early on. It is the female blossoms that are the ones that will turn into fruit. This article will help you determine the male from the female:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/squash/female-male-squash-blossoms.htm

If you are seeing female blossoms falling off, you may have a pollination problem and it would be best to hand pollinate. This article will help you with that:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/squash/pollinate-squash-by-hand.htm