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It sounds like your peppers have developed sunscald. This is a result of too much sun on the fruit. We recommend shading the pepper plant with a translucent cloth cover. Here is an article on other common pepper problems: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pepper/common-pepper-plant-problems.htm

this may answer your question:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pepper/common-pepper-plant-problems.htm

This sounds like a problem with aphids. You can hose them off your plants, or use an insecticidal spray to help control them. This article should be of help:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pepper/pepper-problems.htm

Here is an article that you may find helpful: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pepper/worms-on-peppers.htm

This article should help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/pepper/growing-peppers.htm

As long as it is firm (like the green peppers) it should be safe. Likely it is simply fully matured. All peppers are colored when they are fully matured, but we mostly eat them when they are immature and green. There are peppers that are black when fully mature, so this is likely what happened.