What's your question? Ask

As far as no fruit production, do you what variety you have? If it's a 'dwarf/lowbush', you don't get a good harvest right away, as they are slow growing. It can take up to 5 years to get a significant fruiting.
Generally, you want at least 1 plant of 2 different varieties for best pollination. It's not absolutely necessary though, if you'll be happy with a handful or two of berries. And there are some varieties that do well without another plant nearby.
As far as caring for it during the winter inside, you need to keep it in an unheated garage with just a bit of watering and it doesn't need light. You want to keep it as cold as possible without freezing. If there is likelihood of freezing temperatures, just simply cover the plant with an overturned box.
I hope this helps!

They bloom once and are done for the year.

Yes, any plant can be grown in a container if it is large enough. This article should help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/berries/berries-growing-container.htm

These articles should help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/blueberries/growing-blueberry.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/berries/berries-growing-container.htm

Blueberries can be rooted from both hard and softwood. I would do several cuttings as the survival rate for rooting blueberry cuttings tends to be low. This article will help you:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/tgen/how-to-root-cuttings-from-various-shrubs-bushes-and-trees.htm

You can put the pot in your shed and just water it once a month or so after it goes dormant.