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Anything that is growing above the graft collar should be the Claret Ash. Anything below the graft collar will be the root stock. In trees, the graft is not always at the base of the tree. It may have been located just below the canopy and may have broken off when the tree was damaged. I would try to locate the graft collar and prune below that. If you cannot find the graft collar, it may have broken off and the whole thing will be offshoots from rootstock.

As you have similar trees in your yard, you can look on those to compare and see where the graft collar is located on those trees.

It could be collar rot. This article discussed collar rot on maples: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/maple/maple-tree-bark-disease.htm

It might be borer damage. https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/ash/emerald-ash-borer.htm

It is quite possible that your tree is dropping clumps of green seed pods.

Depending on the trunk size of the tree, it should be getting 10-20 gallons of water a week. A complete defoliation should not kill the tree, but it will require extra attention during the next growing season. If you aren't getting an inch of rain a week, you should continue to supplement water until first hard frost. Then, you should give the plant 5 gallons every other week until temperatures stay below 25-28*F., at night on a regular basis. Most plants can withstand total leaf loss and be fine the next year, even though this definitely stresses the tree.

You should consult your local governing ordinances and elected officials on such matters.

Ash trees need a dormant season, so it is normal for them to lose leaves and slow their growth. They need to rest. Reduce watering a little and do not fertilize. It actually might be best if you can find it a dark cool location for it over the winter in your house.