I am trying to grow apples in hot tropical climate (summers around 85 degrees and winters around 60 degrees) by using manual defoliation to provide rest. My question is - can I expose the plants to direct sun or should they be be put in partial shade?
If you're looking to get any apples from the trees, then they will require full sun. This is where they get their energy from in order to produce fruit. Also, in shady areas, the trees are less likely to blossom well, which limits fruit as well. As long as the trees receive adequate water, especially in excessively hot or dry conditions, they should be fine.
With all of our snow, the rabbits were able to get above the white protector we had on our new apple and pear trees. What can I do to ensure the fruit trees are not destroyed?
These articles may help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/tgen/repairing-tree-bark-damage.htm, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/how-to-keep-rabbits-out-of-gardens.htm
4 years ago we purchased a barn with an orchard. The apple and pear trees were heavy with fruit. The land around the trees was rotovated and then weed killer applied (not sure of weed killer type) each year. Since then the trees have leaves and blossom, and some fruit appear but they never grow bigger than a large walnut and often drop off. Branches have grown from the main parts of the tree at right angles to the old branch. I have been told this is because the tree is 'in distress.' Can you suggest the reason for the change and any possible solutions before we decide to chop them down?
Actually, it sounds like you have a pollination problem. It is getting more common now that honeybees are in peril. The trees will abort any fruit that come from flowers that are not properly pollinated. You need to take steps to attract pollinators to your yard. The branch growth is normal, but needs to be brought into check through pruning to keep the trees fruiting. Here is some information that may help you:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/beneficial/insect-pollination-process.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/beneficial/creating-a-pollinator-garden.htm
https://extension.psu.edu/plants/gardening/fphg/pome/pruning/pruning-a-special-case-renovating-old-fruit-trees
My new Red Flesh apple tree is in full blossom but no other apple tree in the vicinity. How can I make sure it is fertilized before blossom falls?
It should be fine as long as you have pollinators. Helping to attract pollinators is your best bet for a well performing fruit tree. This article will give you some tips on how to attract them: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/beneficial/creating-a-pollinator-garden.htm
We planted apple tree saplings April 1. At this point, it's mostly just a single stick that is just starting to get leaves. The top 12 inches snapped, I'm guessing from a bird trying to land on it. What I can see of the inside still looks green and healthy. Other than tying it together, is there anything I can do to help repair it?
If it is completly broken, you will not be able to repair it and even if it is more than 25% severed, it likely would not be able to be healed. The tree may survive if there are branch buds below the break but the tree will grow forked and low, almost looking bush like. Some orchards intentionally do this to their trees to make harvesting easier, so it is not necessarily a bad thing.
Tree blossom starts to bud then dies back and never flourishes.
It sounds like it may be a pollination problem. If the flower is not pollinated, it dies and does not make fruit. It is becoming an increasing problem with the decline of honey bees. These articles will help you attracting more pollinators to your garden: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/beneficial/insect-pollination-process.htm, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/beneficial/creating-a-pollinator-garden.htm
An apple tree is growing and leaning over a path. Can I rotate the tree so it leans away from the path?
If it is young, you may be able to get it to lean the other way or dig it up and turn it. But, if it is causing issues on the path, then I suspect it is not young. Once a tree is beyond a few years old, moving it will most likely kill it. There are professionals that can be hired to do it and increase the chances of the tree's survival, but there is always a chance the tree will still die.