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I had the same problem in my butterfly garden. If it wasn't the birds eating the caterpillars, it was the wasps. About the only thing you can do to protect the caterpillars is to cover the plant with netting once you have several caterpillars. The other option is rearing them in butterfly rearing cages so you can protect a few. The birds like to feed the caterpillars to their young, and once they find you have a good supply, they will stick around.

Here is an article on discouraging nuisance birds:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/animals/controlling-birds-in-gardens.htm

There are many ways to go about this! Here are a couple of articles that will offer some suggestions that you can try:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/animals/cat-repellent.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/animals/using-predator-urine-in-gardens.htm

Thank you for omitting the picture of this common problem. The solution is dependent on the animal. Dogs can be trained - at least some dogs can be trained on which part of the yard to use. If a dog is unwilling, try temporary fencing. Even a double row of rabbit fencing may deter Fido. Cats are a whole different issue. They go where the ground is soft and can be easily scratched/dug. Mulch is perfect for this, too. Frustrated gardeners sometimes resort to putting hardware cloth or chicken fencing on top of the soil. Stones also work. It is said that cats don't like citrus so leaving peels in the area or spraying with a dilute citrus juice helps. Rain reduces effectiveness, however. Also worth trying is an aluminum pie pan tied to a stick or plant support. For dogs, try a vinegar solution as a repellant. Motion-activated sprinklers are another option if you get desperate; I can see this working for cats but not necessarily for dogs. Good luck.

Have you tried any of these tips?

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/animals/keep-rabbits-out-of-gardens.htm

Oh boy! These can be a bit of an annoyance. Here is an article that will offer information on how to rid these from your garden:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/animals/mole-control.htm

Deer will eat anything, including "deer resistant" plants!

Here are some articles that will help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/deer/how-to-protect-trees-from-deer.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/deer