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It is some mushroom mycelium. It is far too young to say what kind. Generally, plants don't like conditions that mushroom mycelium likes. This will indicate that the soil remains a little too moist.

I would treat with a fungicide, since it is too early to tell whether it is benign or harmful to your plant. You don't want to risk the damage that it has the potential to do while you wait.

Here are some articles that will help:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/using-fungicides-in-garden.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/verbena/growing-verbena-plants.htm

The pictures are too far away. Not sure if things are moving in there, if things fly away when you disturb the area or nothing is changes when disturbed. If nothing changes, it could be a bad case of powdery mildew. Some triangular shapes in the second picture made think of a whitefly infestation. There are, however, other possibilities. Amongst verbena pests, there are white aphids and mealybugs. Your best bet is to take a sample for identification to a local garden center using a sealed, transparent plastic bag.

Likely, there is too much nitrogen in the soil, and not enough phosphorus and potassium. You will need to confirm with a soil test before adding, so that you will know how much to add.

Here are some articles that will help:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/testing-soil.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/soil-ph-plants.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/verbena/growing-verbena-plants.htm

It's the butterfly favorite, tall verbena or purpletop verbena (Verbena bonariensis). It could be grown in a container. It's a short lived perennial but it freely reseeds.

https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/newsletters/hortupdate/2012/jan_feb/seedlings.html