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This article should help with that: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/projects/how-to-make-your-own-topiary.htm

I think that it would have a better chance outdoors if placed near the foundation of your house and then cover the base with leaves or straw and wrap the entire thing in burlap or an old blanket. Do not use plastic. I can't guarantee it will survive, but this will give it the best chance.

Its location generally depends on the type of plant itself. However, most topiary plants are well suited for areas with sun. If you are new at growing topiary plants, I would opt for keeping them in their containers, repotting as needed.

Bonsai trimming is more of an art than a skill or a set of instructions. Part of the art of bonsai is contemplating the shape and form of the tree and envisioning the shape and form you wish it to eventually take. For this reason, it would be difficult to give you an exact answer as to how to do this.

That being said, this article has some tips on when and how it is best to trim your bonsais:
http://www.bonsai4me.com/Basics/Basics%20Bonsai%20Continual%20trimming.htm

Yes, you can. Actually, traditional topiary is done without a form. It is a complicated and long process, but you can do it if you have patience. Basically, you want to slowly sculpt the plant into the shape that you would like over several years.

It could have a fungus. Treat the bush with a fungicide and see if this helps.