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You may have soldier fly larvae and they are harmless. Crane fly larva are similar, too. Here is more:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/composting/basics/soldier-flies-in-compost.htm

You can work some amendments into the soil where you would like to grow something. I'm also including articles about plants that do grow in clay soil.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/how-to-improve-clay-soil.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/shade/plants-for-shady-clay-locations.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/shrubs/shgen/shrubs-that-like-clay-soil.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/plant-for-compacted-soil.htm

To keep voles away from your garden using natural methods, try attracting owls, hawks, and snakes—they're natural vole hunters. Build owl boxes to give them a cozy home. Create barriers around your plants using mesh or hardware cloth to stop voles from digging. Use plants that voles don't like, and spray natural repellents made from things like castor oil or garlic mixed with water. Keep your garden tidy by trimming grass and vegetation to remove hiding spots for voles. You can also set traps with a mix of peanut butter and oats, plant vole-repelling flowers, and add beneficial nematodes to the soil to naturally control their population. By doing these things, you'll have a healthier garden without using harmful chemicals.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/animals/vole-control.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/animals/plants-voles-dont-like.htm

The leaching process in a garden bed depends on various factors such as soil composition, water content, and drainage. Generally, leaching can take a few hours to a few days. Sandy soils with good drainage may leach more quickly, while clayey soils with poor drainage may take longer. Adequate watering to flush out excess salts or nutrients is essential for effective leaching.

Here is other information about leaching:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/soil-leaching-information.htm

The chicken manure should be composted before putting it in a bed, especially where food crops are grown. The bagged soil may have been topsoil intended for lawns, which you can check on the Home Depot website. If the soil did have a lot of wood chips in it, then there is the chance of nitrogen depletion.

Enough time has passed that these issues should be resolved. However, it doesn't sound as if many nutrients were available to the plants last season, depending on what was in the bagged soil. You may consider a soil test to see what nutrients your soil needs going forward. These articles should help:

https://extension.oregonstate.edu/ask-expert/featured/wood-chips-mulch

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/lasagna-gardening.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/composting/manures/how-to-age-fresh-chicken-manure.htm