We're doing a science project. What will happen if I add these things to my soil? Will it harden or stay the same? talc aluminum halite/sea salt iron sand/silt carbon ashes
All of those amendments will change the soil in some way. The questions is though, what kind of soil are you starting out with? For example, if you have clay soil and you add sand, it will harden the soil. But, if you have loamy soil and you add sand, it will loosen the soil.
It would be best to test each amendment with your local soil type to determine how it will affect your soil.
I am helping a friend with a vegetable garden in Baja, Mexico in La Paz. The soil looks good but I wanted to know if this desert climate needs any particular nutrients. They live right on a river bed. I think they should be able to grow melons in the sandy soil next to the river, but the garden spot up hill is my first question. Also, are any berries adaptable to this climate? I know the intense summer heat will not be an option for any vegetables.
Your best bet for this type of climate would be growing plants in raised beds or containers. Here is more information: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/raised-vegetable-gardens.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/containers/designing-your-container-vegetable-garden.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/berries/berries-growing-container.htm
After adding too much poultry manure with wood shavings to my garden, I have lush plants with no fruit. What can I amend the soil with to encourage fruiting while waiting for the nitrogen levels to fall?
This article should help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/too-much-nitrogen-soil.htm
Adding more phosphorus to the soil will help to encourage more fruiting. Here is more information: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/phosphorus-plant-growth.htm
Is cotton trash "gin trash" really good for vegetable gardens in Houston?
Gin trash is a plant byproduct, so it can be composted. The trick is getting it to compost. This article can help with that: http://www.ag.auburn.edu/auxiliary/nsdl/scasc/Proceedings/1998/Gordon_b.pdf
There has also been some success with it as a mulch, but normally it needs to be processed to be mulch.
Raw, it can cause drainage issues and can be unsightly. But many gardeners report that if mixed properly into the soil, it is a very good amendment.
I am never confident that I am doing all that needs to be done when: potting or planting. Is the standard potting soil enough to give the plants the best chance or should I amend even those packaged soils?
Standard potting soil will work and you can mix compost into the soil if desired.
I commenced using mushroom mix in my veggie garden. Can you please advise me if it is organic and safe to use? If it is organic, why do I have to use a face mask covering my mouth and nose when spreading it in the garden prior to planting? Thanking you in anticipation, J E
Yes, it is organic. Here is more info: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/mushroom-compost.htm
A face mask or nose covering is advised because of the dust and/or any possible mold spore that may be present, which can pose a problem with allergies.
How can I obtain homemade lime? I learned ways to obtain some materials in order to make a soil acidic such as coffee grounds, citrus peels, etc. But if I need to make the soil alkaline, how can I obtain LIME?
You can purchase agricultural limestone to add lime to the soil. These should be available at your local nursery or feed store.
You may also find this article helpful:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/lower-acid-soil.htm