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Sure! If you are changing out the nutrients, then you will be replenishing what is lost. The only reason that you would not want to plant other solanaceous crops behind it would be the risk of developing a Mosaic Virus. Usually, the plants have to be infected, first.

Since you will be changing the top soil, you will not have a worry.

This article will give you information on things that you can add to your soil to help it perform its best: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/organic/the-importance-of-soil-for-an-organic-garden.htm

It resembles on of the many nightshades. The Solanum family is broad. This article will help:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/solanum-plant-family.htm

There are many in the genus, Solanum. Unfortunately, many of them look so similar that they are hard to tell apart. It could be that, or another close relative, most of which are toxic or deadly.

I would not risk letting anyone consume the plant. Education on the dangers of the genus are usually enough to deter one from consuming them, though.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/solanum-plant-family.htm

Yes, with some care. Here are some articles that will help you to do so:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/hpgen/acclimate-plants-indoors-winter.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/vines/potato-vine/jasmine-nightshade-information.htm

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/sweet-potato/winterizing-sweet-potato-vines.htm

Nightshades are a diverse group of plants with various traits. For fastest growing, consider the tomato plant, which can grow rapidly under optimal conditions. For cold resistance, the hardy eggplant is a good choice. Heat resistance is a trait found in peppers, particularly chili peppers. To combat pests, the tobacco plant contains natural insecticides. Drought resistance can be found in the potato plant, which can tolerate dry conditions. Nightshades generally prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil pH. Overall, these traits can be found in different nightshade varieties, allowing for experimentation and exploration.

This link will take you to an article that will help you select a cultivar that will suit you, complete with more links to more choices:

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/nightshade-vegetable.htm