How do I go about transplanting maidenhair ferns? Is there a specific time of year it is appropriate? Can they grow in direct sunlight?
It is best to transplant in the early to mid fall or in the springtime. Choose a cool day, and avoid damaging the roots while moving them.
Although maidenhair ferns prefer indirect light, established plants can also grow in direct sunlight. It is advisable to provide newly transplanted ferns with some shade while they are getting established, until they begin to grow. Here is more about caring for these plants:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/foliage/maidenhair-fern/maidenhair-fern-care.htm
Should you ever fertilize maidenhair fern? I have several I just started from the older plant that are doing well. I was thinking of using a little time-release fertilizer. These plants are in my house.
It is not recommended to use a potting soil with fertilizer imbedded into it.
You can however use an organic fertilizer at half strength, once a month during it's growing period.
Outdoors in the garden, apply a organic compost to the the soil in the spring.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/foliage/maidenhair-fern/maidenhair-fern-care.htm
My maidenhair fern has white dots on the tip of some of the leaves. The clerk said it did not have bugs but I am wondering if there is a scale insect of some sort on the plant and if so, how to treat it.
Mealybug are often found in clusters. Mealybug can be treated with Neem Oil.
Here is a link with more information.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects/mealybugs-control.htm
I do think you are describing spores on your fern though, so here is a link with more information and some images that will help you determine
if this is what your plants looks like.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects/mealybugs-control.htm
In the case of spores, you will not need to do any treatment, this is naturally occurring.
https://u.osu.edu/eeob3320/2015/04/19/ferns-part-2/
Here is a link to refresh you on the care requirements.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/foliage/maidenhair-fern/maidenhair-fern-care.htm
I have straggly maiden hair ferns. Should I cut the straggly fronds off at soil level so the plant will re-shoot, and if so when? They are growing in pots on a back covered deck area. They just don't seem to thrive or grow. Please help.
Pruning of damaged or dead fronds can be done when necessary with a scissors.
This link will refresh you on the care requirements.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/foliage/maidenhair-fern/maidenhair-fern-care.htm
Can a maidenhair fern take direct morning sun?
Most ferns require shade... however some can tolerate full sun. This should survive morning sun just fine.Just make sure that the full sun exposure is limited. Here is an article that will help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/foliage/maidenhair-fern/maidenhair-fern-care.htm
I have about 10 ferns in my backyard, and they have lots of dead leaves on the bottom of the plant and also in the plant. Can I just clip them all down for the fall so when the fronds come up in the spring, it will look nice and clean? Or will it harm the plant?
Make sure to trim off the dead leaves, and keep this plant moist. Not wet, or dry, but in between. These leaves will regrow. Here is an article for more information on their care: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/foliage/maidenhair-fern/maidenhair-fern-care.htm
what range of temperatures can maidenhairs tolerate?
This will depend on the variety that you are growing.
Peruvian Maidenhair is not frost hardy.
Southern Maidenhair is hardy to 10 degrees F.
Evergreen Maidenhair is cold hardy to -10 F.
Northern Maidenhair is hardy in most of North America, zones 2-8.