Can you tell me if there are any plants or bulbs that can be planted in pots outside on the patio now (in January) that will survive okay? My father, who passed away recently, was a keen gardener. I wanted to plant something in pots on his patio, as it's his birthday soon (Jan. 22). Can you help?
I am very sorry to hear about your father. What comes to mind is either snowdrops or Lenten rose. Snowdrops are bulbs that are considered to be the very earliest bloomers there are. They will not bloom for this date though, but will be blooming by late February or early March. That being said, any hardy spring bulb can be planted at this time as long as the soil is not frozen and they will bloom later. Lenten rose is considered to be the earliest of the bloomers as well. It is not a bulb, but can take quite cold conditions and will also bloom in late February or early March. Here is more info: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/snowdrop/information-about-snowdrops-and-when-to-plant-snowdrop-flower-bulbs.htm, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/hellebore/lenten-rose-flower.htm
Is it necessary to sterilize used terracotta pots before replanting? If so, what do I use?
Most people sterilize their containers by wiping them down with a weak bleach solution. This article should also help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/containers/how-to-clean-containers.htm
Can I plant wildflowers in containers and will they seed into my lawn (which I don't want)?
There are actually many wildflowers that can be successfully grown in containers. You need only provide them with adequate drainage and keep them watered, especially during hot and windy weather. As for their seeding, you can usually deadhead the spent blooms and dispose of them to prevent this. Here is more information: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/fgen/container-grown-wildflowers.htm
I seen once on Facebook someone gardening using tubs and round barrels. It looked like something I would enjoy doing.
You can use any kind of barrel or tub, as long as it has some drainage, and did not contain a poisonous material. This article will help you get started with container garden: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/containers/novice-container-gardening-tips.htm
I would like to possibly put a container garden out in my yard. However, I am unsure as to whether I put the wood under the ground or on top? Also, is there any fencing one can put up around a garden so that animals will not eat the vegetables or fruit? Also, do you have white picket style fencing for around flower gardens?
Are you wanting containers or a raised garden? With containers, you can put them anywhere and there's no need for placement of any wood. On the other hand, raised beds will require wood or some other form of edging to keep the soil intact. These articles should help you: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/containers/novice-container-gardening-tips.htm, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/urban/raised-beds-for-urban-settings-no-digging-required.htm, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/raised-vegetable-gardens.htm This article will provide some suggestions for keeping animal pests away: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/animals/camouflage-gardening-deterring-garden-crashers-pests.htm Sorry, we do not sell fencing; however, a home & garden supply center, like Lowe's or Home Depot, should have what you're looking for.
Would lining the outside of a thin plastic garden pot that is exposed to full sun with 20 mm Styrofoam keep the heat out and prevent the soil from drying out quicker, OR would it do the opposite by retaining the heat in the pot and, therefore, making the soil dry out sooner?
While I cannot say with certainty, I believe that it should help insulate the plant roots from extreme heat and cold but will still require plenty of watering. Container grown plants need to be watered more often, regardless, especially in high heat situations. So, adding a foam liner will help but keeping the plant watered, and even mulched, will help prevent it from drying out faster.
Will putting rubber mulch or regular mulch around a potted plant hurt the plant? Want to cut down on weeds.
Generally, this type of mulch is most often used for play areas and similar locations, as there may be some concern in chemicals leaching into the soil around plants. There are, however, many different types and forms of mulch available. These articles will provide some basic information and help with deciding which type may be best for you and your needs: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/learn-about-synthetic-mulch-for-your-garden.htm, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/whats-the-best-mulch-for-my-garden.htm