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Use organic-rich potting soil for container plants. This article should help with the fungal gnats: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/children/fungus-gnats.htm In addition, neem oil should help take care of these bothersome insects: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/problems/pests/neem-oil-uses.htm

I am very sorry to hear about your father. What comes to mind is either snowdrops or Lenten rose. Snowdrops are bulbs that are considered to be the very earliest bloomers there are. They will not bloom for this date though, but will be blooming by late February or early March. That being said, any hardy spring bulb can be planted at this time as long as the soil is not frozen and they will bloom later. Lenten rose is considered to be the earliest of the bloomers as well. It is not a bulb, but can take quite cold conditions and will also bloom in late February or early March. Here is more info: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/snowdrop/information-about-snowdrops-and-when-to-plant-snowdrop-flower-bulbs.htm, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/hellebore/lenten-rose-flower.htm

Most people sterilize their containers by wiping them down with a weak bleach solution. This article should also help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/containers/how-to-clean-containers.htm

There are actually many wildflowers that can be successfully grown in containers. You need only provide them with adequate drainage and keep them watered, especially during hot and windy weather. As for their seeding, you can usually deadhead the spent blooms and dispose of them to prevent this. Here is more information: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/fgen/container-grown-wildflowers.htm

You can use any kind of barrel or tub, as long as it has some drainage, and did not contain a poisonous material. This article will help you get started with container garden: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/containers/novice-container-gardening-tips.htm

Are you wanting containers or a raised garden? With containers, you can put them anywhere and there's no need for placement of any wood. On the other hand, raised beds will require wood or some other form of edging to keep the soil intact. These articles should help you: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/containers/novice-container-gardening-tips.htm, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/urban/raised-beds-for-urban-settings-no-digging-required.htm, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/raised-vegetable-gardens.htm This article will provide some suggestions for keeping animal pests away: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/animals/camouflage-gardening-deterring-garden-crashers-pests.htm Sorry, we do not sell fencing; however, a home & garden supply center, like Lowe's or Home Depot, should have what you're looking for.