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In terms of propagating this plant, the following article should help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/aloe-vera/aloe-plant-propagation.htm

Here is a record of experiment to determine fungicidal properties of aloe vera: http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/8112/1/NPR%204(4)%20289-289.pdf
In many parts of the world aloe is used as a cure for a vast array of maladies, so there may be uses as pesticide, also. And of course, if you compost it, it then becomes fertilizer.

Outdoors, aloe vera is only hardy to zone 10, and some parts of zone 9. But you can certainly put it in a container to live outside when the weather in warm, and winter in your house. This article tells you how to keep aloe in a pot: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/aloe-vera/aloe-vera-plant-care.htm
Also, this is an interesting article with more information on aloes: http://greenhouse.ucdavis.edu/files/botnot_01-01.00.pdf

Here are some non-chemical ways to get rid of ants: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects/get-rid-of-ants.htm
Also, here's some info on aloe vera: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/aloe-vera/aloe-vera-plant-care.htm
If you have ants on the aloe vera, it may be that they are "farming" some aphids. Here are some ways to get rid or the aphids: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/homemade-aphid-control-a-natural-way-to-kill-aphids.htm

Wikipedia lists 550 different species of aloe, so it is highly possible that your plant is a different specie than A. vera. I would not ingest or use the plant until you can get a positive identification.

For starters, here's a site that shows the most common aloe species: http://succulent-plant.com/families/aloaceae.html
If you're still not sure, the best thing is to get an expert identification. If you are in the US, you can take some photos of your plant (showing flowers and leaves, if possible) to the county extension service. This link will help you find the nearest office:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/info/what-is-extension-service.htm
If you're in the UK, you might want to access the local Master Gardener organization. They have loads of information and assistance available for home gardeners. This link will help you locate the nearest group:

http://mastergardeners.org.uk/get-involved/find-your-nearest-master-gardener/
If you're anywhere else, call the botanical garden in the city nearest you, and ask them for advice in identifying your plant.