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This sounds like black spot fungus. You can treat the plants with a fungicide and it should take care of the fungus. If you are manually watering them, try to water them from below rather than from above. The fungus is made worse by water sitting on the leaves.

Yes, the additional rain is the cause. These plants tend to grow close together, which means there is not much air flow to begin with. The additional moisture from the rain makes them far more susceptible to fungus.

A standard fungicide sprayed on the plants will help clear up the problem. You may want to consider dividing some of the plants if they are growing close together.

It sounds like your black-eyed Susan's have a mildew or fungus. Make sure you clean the bed out thoroughly this fall and dispose of all the material by burning. In the meantime, treat your plants with an all purpose fungicide, or neem oil. As our gardens grow, changes take place that we never notice. Do your plants get the same air circulation they used to, the same sun? Maybe it's time to find a new home for your black-eyed Susan's and a new plant for the side of your house.

These are young seedlings that were sown the previous year. You can deadhead if you choose, but it isn't necessary.

One of the very best fungicides against the black spot fungus that I know of is called Mancozeb. I get mine from an online store called http://www.rosemania.com . It will leave a little bit of yellowish powdery residue on the foliage but that is part of how it works. As for the Japanese Beetles, they can be a very tough customer. Start putting down some stuff called Milky spore now and in a few years it will be built up enough to really make an impact. Until it does, try using some Bayer Tree and Shrub granules. Since you are not talking about fruit trees, the Bayer product is great at getting to the bug problems. I use it once a year for my trees and other shrubs, it does a very good job for me.

This article will help you with this: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/foliage/moss/moss-on-plants.htm