Q.Thick rind on my limes that have no juice and smell bitter
I live in Houston Tx, my lime tree is loaded with limes for the first time, but have a thick rind and very bitter
(doesn’t smell like a lime). Is it to late to add the nitrogen or phosphorus?
Or is it possible to add the nitrogen and phosphorus next year just before foliage begins to flower, to have a good crop? And which of the nitrogen and phosphorus is best for this region?

This is generally caused by a nutrient imbalance.
This article will help you.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/fruits/citrus/citrus-fruit-thick-rind.htm