What's your question? Ask

Sounds like you have to much nitrogen, which will cause the plants to produce lots of leaves and little fruit. One way to combat this is plant heavy feeders as a winter crop, ie cabbage, broccoli, spinach. Mulch over the site in the winter and plant sweet corn in that area in the spring (another very heavy feeder). Also check with your local extension office (found under gov't in your phone book) get a soil test kit. Your state lab will do the test for a nominal fee and it will help you make adjustment to the amendments you need in your soil.
The is one last trick you can try that works with flower beds that have this problem. Take a clean, sterile shovel and and push is down in several areas around the plant, this usually shocks the plant into producing fruit.

This article will help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects/sow-bug-control.htm

This article will help you: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/fall-vegetable-gardening.htm

depends on what vegetable.....if it is in the squash family, cucumber, etc., if your plant is dying it probably is due to a root eating insect....normally once this begins you need to just destroy that plant

Sorry, but we do not have a chart to go by. However, here is an article that you may find helpful: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/vgen/when-to-plant-your-vegetable-garden.htm