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It sounds as if you may be growing the annual sweet pea variety rather than the perennial, which returns each year. Make sure you are growing the right one. If you are growing the perennial variety (Lathyrus latifolius), they will reseed themselves each year. Lathyrus odoratus is the annual type.

Different waters have different minerals and nutrients.

Bush cucumbers are cucumbers in which the vines grow in a more compact shape.

You can try to grow sweet peas upside down, but they will most likely climb back up the side of the container as they like to hold onto things and climb upward.

In your area, it would probably be better to wait until spring for transplanting. Try to keep the root ball together. Plant it at the same depth it was originally growing. Lightly firm the soil around it and water. Wait 7-10 days and then add some mulch but be sure to keep the mulch at least an inch away from the stem of the plant. It may also be helpful to trim off any blooms that may be present to reduce shock while the plant establishes itself.

They should be fine. Ants normally only bother plants if the plants get infested with aphids (the ants feed off aphid secretions). So, they should not bother your sweet peas as long as they are healthy.

Try neem oil. Here is more information: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/pesticides/neem-oil-uses.htm