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With proper care and protection, fall planting is fine. However, as long as it;s in a container and kept in an unheated area, like a garage or basement, you may be able to overwinter the shrub as it will need to enter dormancy. This article should also help with its care: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/shrubs/summersweet/summersweet-plant.htm

For additional information on winter protection for plants, these articles should help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/environmental/protect-plants-in-freeze.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/environmental/protecting-plants-winter.htm

You may want to have a soil test preformed as it does like the soil to be slightly acidic.
Here is a link that should help you pinpoint the issue.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/shrubs/summersweet/summersweet-plant.htm

As long as the plant is not already too far gone and if it still has green, pliable branches/stems, then it should be okay, but you must remember to continue with its overall care. I would not fertilize while the plant is under stress, as this could actually do more harm than good. You can, however, cut back any dead growth and simply continue caring for it as usual. If the plant survives winter, you should begin to see new growth come spring, if not sooner.

This shrub is zoned 3-9.
Check the branches, do the bend or snap off?
Dead branches will snap and break.
After danger of frost has passed, prune the dead parts of the shrub.
If your seeing new growth, the roots most likely survived and your shrub should recover.
Next winter you can add some mulch protection to the plant.
Remember, most reputable garden centers will guarantee a new shrub or tree for one year, so check your receipt if your shrub does not recover.

Are you referencing Summersweet shrubs?
This is an article with more information.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/shrubs/summersweet/summersweet-plant.htm

This is probably the best course of action, given that the plant was severely pruned. When the weather warms back up for spring it will be safe to put back outside.