How do I water and care for my potted Sage ( Green) outside?
This article will give you information on how to grow Salvia officianalis in container. This is for indoors, but the care will be the same, with the exception of watering habits. You will water this thing constantly outdoors. Whenever the top is dry, you will want to water. (White containers will help keep water loss at a minimum.) The article can be found Here: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/sage/growing-sage-plant-indoors.htm
Why has my sage lost its purple color?
Deadhead the spent blooms and fertilize the plant with a general purpose fertilizer. These articles may help
I would like to know what kind of plants these are please.
1. European centaury (Centraurium erythraea)
2. Mealycup sage (Salvia farinacea)
3. Yellow rose (Rosa xanthina)
Is this a sage plant?
Yes, this does appear to be a red sage plant called pineapple sage. Here is an article for more information: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/sage/pineapple-sage-plant.htm
They survived our fairly severe winter this year in Central Ohio, because I see green underneath the woody tops. I did not get them pruned very good last year, Spring nor Fall, because I had a broken ankle and could not get into the beds very easily.
You can remove any dead plant material and trim back your outdoor herb plants if your winter frost period has passed. Here's an article that should help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/hgen/general-care-for-your-herb-garden.htm
Last summer I was given a sage plant in a plastic pot. As I don't know where to put it, it stayed there and it grew upward, with long and thin stalks and not many leaves. However it currently shows flowers. Should I prune it? Should I transfer it to a bigger pot with better soil? Or should I put it in the ground? In my small herbs raised bed? Or in a border?
You can prune after the flowers fade. These are very easy to care for, and don't require much care. They do prefer it dry and hot, so if you can't provide that in your area as we can here in many areas of the US, then you may want to grow this in a bigger container and keep it out of the rain.
This collection of articles will give you all of the information you could need on growing sages: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/sage
I want to grow white sage to make smudge sticks with. I have seeds and will be growing indoors for winter and would like to transplant outside in spring. How do I start the seeds? Thank you!
I am finding two white sages, one is artemesia and the other is salvia. The artemesia mentions the smudge sticks so I am including information for that variety.
https://webarchive.library.unt.edu/eot2008/20080916144642/http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_arlu.pdf