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This all depends on what type of maple it is, and what climate zone you are in. It would be best, if you are unsure, to bring it inside for its first winter. This will ensure that it survives.

Here is an article for more information on care of maples: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/maple/growing-maple-trees.htm

Maples bleed or drip sap when there bark is disrupted. This can be from an animal chewing on a branch, pruning, or disease. An insect infestation may produce "honeydew" which is also sweet and sticky like tree sap but is dark colored. It is important to find where the leaks are occurring and identify the cause. It may be possible to save a diseased tree by cutting off the affected branch. Check with an arborist.

That is a fungal issue. Sometimes it can die off, and be ok after a cold winter. If you would like to be sure that this infection is cured, then use wettable sulfur or copper salts. This will take care of the issue.

This link will take you to a collection of articles on making your own pesticides/fungicides/biocide: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/organic/

Like beech trees, sometimes the leaves may wait to fall off until the new leaves come out in spring. This is not to worry about, and will correct itself when it is time.

I can't find a whole ot of literature on the subject, but it appears to be referring to a tree with an extra female chromosome. This would appear to make it sterile, and not drop seed.

I am not well versed in trees of your area, but your local extension would. This link can help you find the closest one to you: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/extension-search/

If you could post the exact link then I could tell you. There are many maple articles and pictures by that author. If you can include the link to the exact photo, then I can help.