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These articles should help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/organic/weed-it-and-reap-how-to-make-your-garden-more-appealing-without-chemicals.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/weeds/conventional-weed-killers.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/organic/homemade-pet-friendly-weed-killer.htm

Boxwood, yews and junipers are the most popular foundation shrubs and all can be trimmed like you describe. This article has information on the many choices available for foundation planting:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/shrubs/shgen/foundation-plants.htm

Sometime around April/May would be better for planting. In the meantime, you could place them in containers. Also, if you can ensure that the majority of the roots and surrounding soil is lifted and replanted in an area with suitable growing conditions, you'll have a greater chance of success. To reduce shock, trimming may help. Here is an article that you may find helpful: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/environmental/learn-how-to-avoid-and-repair-transplant-shock-in-plants.htm

Since the soil may not be so great, amending it would improve success as well. Here is more information: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/special/organic/compost-for-organic-gardens.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/amending-sandy-soil.htm

I would recommend having a soil test. There may be something lacking in the soil, or something is simply restricting the root growth. Here is more info on growing these plants: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/shrubs/juniper/growing-creeping-junipers.htm

It appears that your soil is acidic, and in the case of #1 & # 4, very acidic. When soil is very acidic, it can be hard for plants to take up the types of nutrients they need. #5 is rather alkaline, which can also cause issues. You need to lower the acidity of the soil where the pH is low and raise it where the pH is high. Ideally, for most plants, you wants a pH of 5-7. These articles will help with what you can do to regulate your soil pH: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/raise-acid-level-soil.htm, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/lower-acid-soil.htm

These articles will help: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects/treatment-bagworms.htm, https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects/prevent-caterpillars.htm, http://web.extension.illinois.edu/cicadas/13or17year.html