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It is very likely that the patch is old, and at the end of its life. If there are other patches nearby then this would be my best guess. The next likely solution is that the particular area is lacking in potassium and phosphorus. This is much less likely but still a possibility.

Some of your bulbs may survive, others not. If these were non-blooming bulbs (from over-crowding, too much shade) then they are in better shape. A bulb that bloomed but didn't have time to re-nourish the bulb may be able to send up leaves next year and bloom the second year. There is no harm in trying; plant them out now, 6-8 inches deep.

Your fertilizer is very high in phosphorus. Follow instructions carefully; phosphorus can build up in the soil and reach harmful levels. If your daffodils seem to be struggling, add a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer at the end of blooms. Blood meal and composted manure are 2 examples. The following article has more information on when to fertilize.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/daffodil/fertilizing-daffodil-plants.htm

In the Fall, as they need a chilling period.

https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/daffodil/daffodil-planting-care-tips-how-to-plant-daffodils-in-your-garden.htm

This is the normal process for daffodils. As the weather warms up, they will die off in wait for the cold. In very early spring, they will reanimate and flower again.

If you would like, you can plant them in ground in fall, or leave them in container outdoors throughout the year to let them complete their cycles.

This article will help you to care for daffodils: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/daffodil/daffodil-bulbs-after-blooming.htm

You can dig and divide daffodils right after the leaves turn yellow. Replant extras right away. Marking their location for division this fall is another option. You may be able to stagger bloom time a little bit by burying them at different depths, 6-8 inches.