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Caladiums like acidic soil. They will be happy in that kind of soil.

Yes, they grow well in Zone 9, so you can plant them outside.

They typically need to be watered a few times over the winter if left in the soil, but there may have been enough moisture in the soil for them to survive. If you take one of them out of the soil and squeeze it, it should feel firm. This means that they have survived the winter. If they are soft, they have died.

For the caladiums, it sounds like slugs. This article will help with that:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/facts-about-slugs-and-how-to-kill-garden-slugs.htm

With the wisteria, you may have overfertilized and burned the roots. At best, they only need to be fertilized a few times a year. Stop fertilizing for now and increase watering a bit. This will wash out the excess fertilizer and help the plant return to health.

This article will help you:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/caladium/caladium-plant-care.htm

While you could plant them now, due to the excessive heat, you would have to water them at least twice a day. In your zone, it may not be necessary to dig them up.

Here is an article or two that you may find helpful: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/caladium/caladium-plant-care.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/bulbs/caladium/when-to-plant-caladium-bulbs.htm