With all the types of flowers and plants available, it would be difficult to have such a chart.
I would first determine the type of soil and your growing zone to help make plant suggestions.
Well draining soil is a general must for most plants.
Other types of soil can be amended to make a better planting base for your garden.
Soil testing can help you know the nutritional make up of your soil.
Determine the type of garden that you would like to have; perennials, annuals, or trees and shrubs.
You will also want to determine the amount of sunlight that your garden space provides.
Here are some articles that will help you get started.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/what-is-well-drained-garden-soil.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/how-to-improve-clay-soil.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/flowers/fgen/full-sun-plants.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/planting-zones/
