Q.Norfolk Pine in outside planter Pest or Disease?
This outdoor Norfolk Pine has developed large areas of brown needles and branches that fall off trunk. It started at the base of trunks and is moving up. There seems to be nodules at the bases of the branches. I have not seen live insects present. I thought maybe over watering or wet soil at the bottom of the planter.

You mention watering; overly wet soil. This can easily lead to root rot, and branch drop is a symptom of this issue.
This article will help you.
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/houseplants/norfolk-pine/norfolk-dropping-branches.htm