Holly Bushes Covered With White Scale
I have a Holly Bush hedge which has developed white spots mostly on the underside of the leaves. The spots are approximately 1/4 inch long, and 1/8 inch wide, powdery in appearance. Some leaves have 10-15 spots on each leaf.

Certified GKH Gardening Expert
It is possible that it is scale or mealybugs affecting your holly. I like to treat both with neem oil. It is very effective and safe. These articles will help:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/pesticides/neem-oil-uses.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/scale-bug-how-to-control-plant-scale.htm
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/mealybugs-white-residue-on-plants-leaves.htm
However, the white spots may also be powdery mildew, as you stated they were powdery in nature. Again, neem oil would be effective in treating this as well.
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