Q.Growing garlic
First I was wondering if I could grow garlic in an outdoor planter, but the directions said to plant in October or November. If I did this, the soil in the planter would freeze, and if I’m crying reject, the garlic would die. If I were to plant it outside in my garden, would the same thing happen?

Sure, you can plant your garlic in an outdoor container, just be sure to use an appropriate container and soil mix and cover with some organic mulch for winter. These articles may help you:
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/garlic/growing-garlic.htm
and
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/herbs/garlic/growing-garlic-in-containers.htm